人文地理过程内涵辨析与模拟探讨

A STUDY ON THE MEANING OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY PROCESS AND MODELING

人文地理过程是陆地表层系统地理过程最重要的组成部分之一。本文从陆地表层系统科学的角度出发,探讨了人文地理过程的基本内涵及主要组成部分,指出人口迁移过程和经济集聚-扩散过程是人文地理过程最重要的要素过程,城市化和土地利用变化是人文地理过程最直接的空间表达形式;在此基础上进一步探讨了人文地理过程模拟的核心内容,包括要素模拟和综合过程模拟;提出了人文过程模拟的主要数据源获得途径与模拟方法,指出了人文地理过程模拟需要解决的几个关键问题。

Human geography process is one of the most important parts of the earth surface system geography process. From the view point of the earth surface system science, this paper researches the basic concept and components of human geography process which studies the spatial development process of human and human social-economic activities. There are three characteristics of human geography process including spatial arrangement, spatial transfer, and spatial conformation of different types. The human geography process includes population transfer, economic convergency and diffusion, infrastructure network developing, and culture diffusion, in which migration and economic convergency are the main human factor process. Urbanization and land use change are the direct spatial expression of human geography process. Therefore, modeling of human geography process should include its factors＇ process, such as population or economic activities, and integrated human process that is usually described as urbanization or land use change which influences material and energy cycle of the earth surface system. For human factor process, it should focus on （1） spatial distribution pattern and its changes; （2） ＂origin＂ and ＂destination＂; （3） mechanism; and （4） its future pattern. As to the integrated human process, we should not only simulate their spatial changes, but also study their impact on earth surface physical process and simulate their possible influences. Based on this, the paper put forward the different data sources and methods for modeling human geography process. Remote sensing data, statistical data and social survey data are the main data sources for human geography process modeling. In addition, it needs to add some new data collection source. In recent years, as computer science development, GIS spatial analysis, MAS （multi-agent system） and CA （cellular automata） are more and more used in human geography process simulation. In the future, the method for human geography process simulation should be the combination of statistical analysis, GIS and MAS/CA.