国外旅游线路空间模式研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SPATIAL PATTERNS OF TRAVEL ITINERARIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

旅游线路空间模式实质上是游客在目的地区域对停留空间和消费空间的理性选择与线性组合,是具有典型空间属性的社会文化地理现象和经济地理现象,涉及了作为旅游景点和旅游目的地的点状地理要素和作为旅游线路的线状地理要素以及旅游目的地体系构成的区域等面状地理要素。从文献综述的角度对不同尺度旅游线路模式的空间模型、目的地类型、游客旅行行为特征、模式选择影响因素以及理论基础进行了总结,在此基础上结合国内研究对旅游线路模式今后的研究方向提出了建议。

As a typical social, cultural and economic geographical phenomena with spatial attributes, travel patterns relate to the nodes of resorts or destinations, lines combination of travel routes, and surface extension of destination region system. Spatial models of travel pattern with different scales include macroscale inter-destinations and microscale intra-destinations. The former refers to visitors＇ travel among different interna- tional or interregional destinations which can be generally divided into single destination travel pattern and multi-destination travel pattern. It is obvious that single and multi-destination trips should be differentiated and should be modeled separately. The latter concerns the spatial movement patterns of visitors within a destination. Different tourism destinations play different roles according to their locations within the itinerary patterns or functional hierarchies. Visitors are found to exhibit different behavioral characteristics in different travel patterns. Qualitative and quantitative methods, such as correlation analysis and regression analysis, have been applied to explore the factors influencing on multi-destination trip behavior, which can be classified into tourist characteristics and destination characteristics. Some researchers try to find appropriate theories to explain the travel pattern, for example, cumulative attraction theory, distance decay theory and time budgets theory. Based on the above analysis, the authors put forward some suggestions for the future researches. Firstly, Multi-destination trips represent the choice of a cluster of destinations. The factors which will influence the travelers to choose different spatial patterns of travel itineraries. Secondly, the travel itinerary co- operation models of different destinations. The role of the destination plays is related to its benefit from the travel itinerary. Thirdly, the theoretical bases and applicable models for such multi-destination trip pattern. Finally, the authors point out that studies on relationships between origins and destinations and quantitative models among destinations are needed to be improved.