宗教与美国的外交政策

Religion and American Foreign Policy

由美国核心文化WASP和"公民宗教"所塑造的美国国家特质中的宗教性,尤其是强烈的宗教认同感和宗教信仰在其社会生活中的重要地位,使得宗教的影响力相比别国而言更容易渗透到美国外交政策中。宗教价值观念是"美国例外论"和"天命观"的主要根源,在外交政策上表现为"威尔逊主义"外交理念,进而对美国外交决策者的外交思维和外交行为造成影响,并形成对外输出民主价值观念的政策偏好。国内宗教团体利用广泛的社会资本,通过民主的渠道,将自身的政策主张上升到外交决策中并影响美国对外关系的议事日程。传教士利用自身对对象国的了解,为外交决策者提供情报,并有可能受邀参与决策过程从而影响外交决策。

Owing to the religious character in American national identity forged by American core culture WASP and ＂civil religion＂, religion has an important role in American social life, thus religious power penetrates into politics and foreign policy more easily in America than in other countries. Religious values are the sources of American exceptionalism and messianism. Religious values contribute to one of the guiding tenets of American foreign policy, namely so - called ＂Wilsonianism＂, and make exporting democracy and other western ideologies a priority in its foreign policy. Domestic religious groups use their social capitals and the democratic channels to express their standpoints and views. Thus they are able to exert certain impacts on the setting of nations provide useful vited to join the policy icy. foreign affairs agenda. The missionaries who are familiar with the situations in local information and advices to the decision -makers. Sometimes missionaries can be inmaking process, and influence even some critical decisions of American foreign polocy.