Conversation Analysis Based on Cooperative Principle and Politeness Theory

谈话中的合作原则及会话准则是美国哲学家格菜斯提出来、旨在解释会话意义的理论。虽然会话参与者几乎总是遵守合作原则，但并非严格遵守。由于种种原因，这些原则经常被违反，对合作原则的违反则导致产生格赖斯所说的“会话含意”，也就是说，对任何一种合作原则的违反，都会使语言变得间接。本文以《红楼梦》第十八章的一个段落为例，分析了当谈话者违反合作原则时，会话含意是如何产生的。

The cooperative principle, a principle of conversation proposed by Paul Grice （ 1975 ）, along with the conversational maxims, partly accounts for conversational implicatures. This article takes as an example one part of Chapter 18 chosen from A Dream of Red Mansions （ Gladys Yang and Yang Hsien - yi 1978 - 1980 ） to analyze how conversational implicatures occur when the speakers follow or violate the cooperative principles.