地衣对乌鲁木齐市空气污染生物指示的研究

Study of the Bio-monitoring Role of Lichens to Air Pollution in Urumqi City,Xinjiang

目的:选用对环境污染较敏感的3种地衣监测乌鲁木齐市大气中二氧化硫污染程度及其对地衣体中叶绿素含量的影响。方法:采用分光光度计测量地衣体内硫含量及叶绿素含量的变化。结果:3种不同地衣体内硫含量和叶绿素含量与地衣移植时间的长短存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。对照组中,黑蜈蚣衣的硫含量最高为10.68μg/g,其次是中国树花和亚花松萝7.41μg/g和7.05μg/g。移植1个月后黑蜈蚣衣、中国树花和亚花松萝体内的硫含量分别增加10.58%(11.81μg/g)、29.15%(9.57μg/g)、36.31%(9.61μg/g)。移植4个月后增加率分别为22.85%(13.12μg/g)、53.71%(11.39μg/g)、64.11%(11.57μg/g)。对照组中亚花松萝体内的叶绿素含量为1.326mg,移植1个月和4个月后地衣体内的叶绿素含量降低了22.44%(1.083mg)和37.41%(0.965mg)。结论:地衣体内硫含量和叶绿素含量的测定可用于乌鲁木齐市大气污染的生物监测。

Objective：Three species of lichens which are sensible to environmental pollutions were chosen in order to inspect the sulfur dioxide pollution degree in Urumqi city＇s atmosphere.Method：Determine sulfur and chlorophyll contents of the lichen specimens by means of spectro-photometry.Result：With the elongation of transplanted time,great differences in the sulfur and chlorophyll contents of these lichen specimens were detected.In the comparison group,the highest sulfur contents was 10.68μg/g of Phaeophyscia ciliate Hoffm,contents of Ramalina senensis Jatta and Usnea subfloridana Stint were lower than first one,they were 7.41μg/g and 7.05μg/g respectively.After one month of transplantation,the increased ratio was 10.58% （ 11.81μg/g） ,29.15% （ 9.57μg/g） ,and 36.31% （ 9.61μg/g） respectively.Four months later,it was reached for 22.85% （ 13.12μg/g） ,53.71% （ 11.39μg/g） and 64.11% （ 11.57μg/g） ; In the comparison group,the chlorophyll contents were 1.326mg.After one month and four months of transplantation,the decreased ratio of chlorophyll contents was 22.44% and 37.41% respectively.Conclusion：The changes of the sulfur and chlorophyll contents of lichen specimens can be used as one of important bio-indicator of Urumqi air quality assessment.