姬松茸菌糠改良苏打盐碱土对土壤化学性质及牧草生长的影响

Effect of Waste Material Cultured Agaricus blazei on Chemical Characteristics of Soda Alkali-Saline Soil and Growth of Forage Grass

通过盆栽试验初步研究了栽培姬松茸后的下脚料(即菌糠)对苏打盐碱土的改良作用。结果表明:将姬松茸菌糠施入苏打盐碱土后,土壤化学性质发生了显著改善。土壤pH值随菌糠用量的增加而降低,土壤可溶性盐组成中CO32-和HCO3-的含量随菌糠用量的增加而减少,当菌糠用量达50.0g/kg时,CO32-消失;Cl-、SO42-含量与全盐量的变化规律一致,随菌糠用量的增加而提高;其可溶性盐中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+含量增加。而土壤交换性阳离子组成中Ca2+、Mg2+含量增加,交换性Na+含量降低,阳离子交换量增加,其碱化度降低,且交换性Ca2+、Mg2+含量与菌糠用量呈正相关关系(r=0.9923,r=0.9813);交换性Na+含量、碱化度与菌糠用量呈负相关关系(r=0.9624,r=0.9521)。这说明将姬松茸菌糠施入苏打盐碱土后,改善了土壤化学性质,创造了宜于作物生长的土壤环境,提高了土壤肥力。在施入菌糠的苏打盐碱土上种植牧草,可提高其地上部生物量。菌糠作为有机改良剂改良苏打盐碱土是可行的。

A pot experiment test was carried out to study effect of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei on soda alkali-saline soil improvement. The results showed that after adding waste material cultured Agaricus blazei, pH lowered, CO3^2- and HCO3 - content decreased. As the amount of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei reached 50.0 g/kg, CO3^2- content disappeared, Cl- and SO4^2- content and total salt improved with the increase of the amount of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei, Ca2 ＋ , Mg2 ＋ , K＋ , Na ＋ contents of soil salinity compositions increased compared with the control. The results of the effect of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei on exchangeable cation compositions indicated that when exchangeable Ca2 ＋ , Mg2＋ contents improved, CEC remarkably increased, exchangeable Na＋ content decreased, and ESP remarkably reduced. Exchangeable Ca2 ＋, Mg2＋ contents were positively correlated to application rates of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei, and positive correlation coefficient was r =0.992 3, r = 0.981 3. Exchangeable Na ＋ content, and ESP were negatively correlated to application rates of waste material cultured Agaricus blazei, and negative correlation coefficient is r = 0. 962 4, r = 0.952 1.Soil fertility had remarkable improvement after adding waste material cultured Agaricus blazei. Outcomes of planting hay crop above improvement soil were the increase of biomasses of aerial growth plant. The results indicated the improvement of chemical properties of soda alkali-saline soil created good soil environments for crop growth after more waste material cuhured Agaricus blazei was directly added into soda alkali-saline soil, and at the same time, plant growth has remarkable improvement. Adding waste material cultured Agaricus blazei is a feasible method to improve soda alkali-saline soil.