山东省城镇污水处理设施运营方式及其市场化改革趋势分析

Operation Mode and Market-Oriented Reform Trend Analysis of Sewage Treatment Facilities of Cities and Towns Concerned in Shandong Province

对山东省城镇污水处理厂的调研结果显示其规模以V类污水处理厂为主,比例达到了77.5%;运营方式以国有企业化管理所占比例最大,为43.4%,市场化运营方式主要为BOT(建设—运营—转让)和TOT(移交—经营—移交)方式,合资合作方式较少。有4座污水厂由事业体制改为国有企业化管理,16座由事业体制和8座由国有企业化管理改为TOT方式运营。污水处理厂改制后COD去除率从原来的79.3%～82.1%提高到85.3%～86.4%,运营成本由改制前的0.84～0.89元/m^3·d降低至0.69～0.77元/m^3·d。通过各项指标的对比,显示较大规模的污水处理厂由事业体制转变成TOT方式后运营成本降低最为明显,而以BOT方式建设投资最省。

The municipal sewage treatment plants in Shandong were investigated. The result of survey indicates that plant of category V is main, occupying 77.5 %, and the sewage treatment plants with state-owned enterprises account for 43.4 %. The market-oriented operation includes BOT （Build-Operate-Transfer） and TOT （Transfer-Operate-Transfer） mainly as well as joint venture and coopera- tion partially. 4 sewage treatment plants with management system of institutions have been reformed into state-owned enterprises mode, and 16 sewage treatment plants with management system of institutions and 8 sewage treatment plants with state-owned en- terprises have been reformed into TOT mode. The COD removal efficiency of the reformed sewage treatment plants are raised from 79.3 %-82.1% to 85.3 %-86.4 %, and the operation costs are decreased from 0.84-0.89 yuan/m3·d to 0.69-0.77 yuan/m3·d. By comparing all kinds of index, the data show that large plants reformed from management system of institutions into TOT have the most obvious cost reduction, and BOT mode has minimum investment.