红军政委制探析

A Probe into the System of Political Commissar in the Red Army

红军政委制,继承了国民革命军党代表制,是红军为加强党对军队领导而实行的一项重要制度。党的六大,正式提出建立红军政委制。六大以后,在有关政委制的争论中,朱德、毛泽东领导的红4军各级设立政治委员,取消了连、营两级政治委员兼党组织书记的规定,部分改变了三湾改编确立的党组织制度。红军第一部政治工作条例的颁布,标志政委制的确立。政委制的推行,对提高政治工作的地位起了积极的作用,但强化政治委员个人权威,在一定程度上损害了党组织的领导作用。到抗战爆发前夕,党决定红军改编后建立军政委员会,政委制的缺陷逐步得到纠正。

The system of political commissar in the Red Army inherited the Party representative system from the National Revolutionary Army and was an important system for strengthening the Party＇ s leadership over the army. The system of political commissar in the Red Army was officially proposed at the Sixth National Congress of the CPC. After this congress, political commissars were appointed, amid controversies over the system, at every level in the Fourth Army of the Red Army led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong and the provision that the political commis- sars at the levels of company and battalion were concurrently secretaries of the Party organizations was cancelled, thus partly changing the organizational rules of the Party adopted during the reorganization at Sanwan Village. The promulgation of the first Political Work Regulations marked the establishment of the system of political commissar. The implementation of this system enhanced the status of political work but strengthened the personal authority of political commissars to the detriment, in a degree, of the leadership of the Party organizations. On the eve of the outbreak of the War against Japanese Aggression the CPC decided to set up the Military and Political Committee following the reorganization of the Red Army and the defects of the system of political commissar were gradually corrected.