美国奥巴马政府高质量普及学前教育的政策特点

A Study on the Early Childhood Reform by the Obama Administration

奥巴马政府执政以来,基于重振美国经济、提高国民素质、增强国际竞争力、确保美国社会长期繁荣的需要,先后出台多种举措大力改革并发展学前教育。这些举措确立了"普及、公平、高质量"的学前教育改革目标;设立了总统直接领导的专门行政机构,高度强化政府对学前教育事业发展的领导和统筹职责;学前教育拨款力度大且经费单列,健全财政运行机制;优先保障弱势儿童的受教育权利与质量,促进学前教育公平优质发展;提高教师待遇保障教师培训,促进学前教育高质量普及。这对我国进一步推进学前教育事业发展具有积极的借鉴价值。

Since the Obama Administration took office, it＇s declared a set of policies to reform early childhood education, considering the need to revitalize the American economy, improve the public＇s general qualification, strengthen its international competency, and guarantee its long-term prosperity. Through analysis, this article finds that this reform has the following contents and features： setting a reform objective of ＂ universalization, equity and high quality＂; establishing a specific administration organization directly led by the president, and highly reinforcing the federal government＇s duty of leading and levering; appropriating a large amount of fund which could not be used for other causes, and refining the mechanism of financing; prioritizing the educational rights and quality for the disadvantaged children; levitating the income of the kindergarten teachers and guaranteeing their professional training. These contents and features have significant referencing value for our country＇s development of early childhood education.