并列同心型类义五字格新探

A Brief Study on Chinese Class-defined Five-character Words

文章考察了并列同心型类义单字叠加五字格在句法、语义和语用等方面的特点,并根据组成成分的性质把它分为两大类:谓词叠加和体词叠加五字格。谓词叠加五字格绝大多数不够定型,大多是在常用四字格基础上添加一类义谓词而成。体词叠加五字格可分为两小类:一类十分定型,可视为固定词组而收入词典;另一类不够定型,一般也是因表达需要而在四字格基础上添加类义体词而成。两类五字格组合时都遵循有序性和理据性,可从逻辑事理、认知心理和社会文化心理等方面得到解释。

This article researches into the characteristics of the class-defined five-character words from the aspects of their structure, semantic meaning and expression, etc. The realization is that these words can be divided into two main types according to the character of their grammatical constituents： predicative and substantive words. The predicative five-character words mainly represent in an indeterminate form, the process of which is often to add a predicate with similar meaning to the four-character words. In this situation, the words still belong to free phrase, only the minority of which can be collected in dictionaries as set phrase. And the substantive words can be further classified into two kinds： one kind is rather fixed with certain usability and circulation frequency, which should be seen as set phrase in dictionaries. The other kind is less determinate and yet not ready to join in dictionaries. Orderliness and motivation can be found in both of the two kinds in word permutation and combination. And the motivation can be reasonably explained from the aspects of logic, cognition and social cultural mentality.