南宋以来“十四经”说考述

Research of the Fourteen Classics since the Southern Song Dynasty

关于南宋以来形成的"十四经"之说,学术界普遍认为它是对已成型的"十三经"的补充,又因为"十四经"之名流传并不广泛,因此对于这一概念的研究也几乎处于空白状态。事实上,若将"十四经"置于宋元经学史的背景中进行考察,便可以发现,"十四经"其实并非"十三经"的延续,而是以朱熹为代表的一批士人针对南宋官方的"六经"制度而提出的"私议",它的出现代表了一批士人试图完整传承早期儒家经典的努力。从此,以宋学为核心的"四书五经"遂与以博古为特色的"十四经"并列,而"十三经"反而是"十四经"精简化、定型化的结果。

The concept of Fourteen Classics formed in the late period of Southern Song Dynasty was considered as a sup- plement of Thirteen Classics by the academic circle. Since Fourteen Classics was not accepted widely, few studies on it have been done. The author of this thesis have put Fourteen Classics in the background of the history of classics study in Song and Yuan Dynasties,and he found out that Fourteen Classics was not the continuation of Thirteen Classics. It was a concept which represented the different opinions of some scholars, led by Zhu Xi, against the official Six Classics system. Fourteen Classics showed the scholars＇ efforts to inherit all the Confucian classics. From then on, the Four Books and Five Classics, which represented the thought of Song Confucians had been opposed with Fourteen Classics, while Thirteen Classics was the retrenchment and setting selection of the Fourteen Classics.