国家视野下的传统史学

Traditional Historiography in National Perspective

现代国家视野下的传统史学,名义上是一种"国家史学",实际上是一种"朝廷/政府史学"。中国史学的直接源头是国家记事。历史意识的强化是历史编纂产生的内在基础。现实社会的权力中心也是历史书写的中心,帝王将相中心观决定历史书写的面貌。王朝史编纂成为主流,官修处于垄断地位,政府控制着国史的编纂与传播。国家史学保证了史学传统的持久性。天下史编纂实现了文化的大一统塑造。国家制约了史学的发展方向,国史一股独大,影响了其他类型史书的存在与发育。凸显"国家史学",主要是为了发展民间史学。

This thesis systematically discusses the characteristics of national historiography of traditional Chinese histori- ography. Traditional historiography in modern national perspective is a kind of ＂national historiography＂ nominally, hut in reality a kind of ＂imperial government or government historiography＂. The direct beginning of the Chinese historiog- raphy is a nation or imperial government record. The enhancement of history consciousness is the internal foundation of historiography. The realistic social power center is also the center of the history writing. The view of Emperor, General and Prime minister as the center decides the feature of history writing. Dynasty history turns to be the mainstream, The government controls the compilation and spread of national history. The national historiography guarantees the persist- ence of the historiography traditions. The compilation of world history can realize the cultural unification. The nation re- stricts the development direction of the historiography. The overwhelming position of national history affects the exist- ence and growth of other histories. Highlighting the ＂national historiography＂ is primarily for the development of folk historiography.