指示语选择的视点定位与身份构建

Stancetaking and Identity Construction of Indexicality in Verbal Interaction

本文首先从语用学视角界定身份与身份构建的本质:前者指一个人的自我概念,后者指会话者在交际中选择一定的语言手段如指示语进行视点定位以呈现自我概念的言语行为。然后,基于访谈辩论等语料分析,以语言顺应论与适应论为理论框架,我们重点探究会话者变换指示语进行视点定位与身份构建的语用理据。研究发现:说话人在间接陈述中变换指示语(定位自我)倾向于顺应礼貌原则以建构自己的理想身份;在直接冲突中变换指示语(定位对方)倾向于适应权势原则,从单一指称变换成复合指称以强化其语用指向来攻击对方的身份属性,重新表征或修正面子被损后的自我概念。

This paper firstly defines identity and identity construction：identity is the interlocutor＇ s self-concept which includes various beliefs about one＇ s characteristics; identity construction is repeatedly stance-taking move （s） of presenting one＇ s selfconcept. Then based on the analysis of the authentic data collected from Chinese television interviews and debates, within the framework of adaptation theory and accommodation theory, this study focuses on how and why speakers change indexicality to take stances and construe identity in discourses. The findings are： in indirect narrative interactions, the speakers tend to change indexicals （from ＂I＂ to ＂we＂, then to ＂you＂） to adapt to the politeness principle for presenting prospective self; in direct conflictive discourses, the interlocutors shift indexieals （from single index to compound index） to accommodate to the power and status principle for reshaping the self-concept.