膳食营养摄入与糖尿病、脑卒中和冠心病发病率的关系

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY NUTRITION INTAKE AND DIFFERENT INCIDENCE RATE OF DIABETES,STROKE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE

目的通过了解居民膳食营养摄入,探讨膳食营养状况与糖尿病、脑卒中和冠心病之间的关系。方法根据不同经济水平、不同饮食习惯及地理分布,2008年选择浙江省内8个市、县(区),采用3 d 24 h回顾法进行食物摄入量调查;通过浙江省疾病控制中心慢性病监测系统获得8个市、县糖尿病、脑卒中和冠心病年度发病率。分析8个市、县居民膳食营养摄入与糖尿病、脑卒中和冠心病发病率的关系。结果 8个市、县(区)居民能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入满足要求;脂肪供能占总体供能的比例超过WHO推荐的上限值;油脂和食盐摄入量高于推荐值;多数市、县(区)蔬菜、水果、奶制品和微量元素摄入不足。多变量线性回归分析表明:水果是糖尿病发生的保护因素;过量植物油是脑卒中发生的危险因素,水果是其保护因素。结论膳食营养因素(水果、植物油)可能与糖尿病、脑卒中的发生有一定的关系。

Objective To explore the relationship between dietary nutrition intake and diabetes,stroke and coronary heart disease.Method According to different economy levels,dietary habit and geographic location in 2008,the dietary data were collected by 3-d 24-h retrospective method from population（≥2 years old） in 8 cites and counties of Zhejiang Province.Meanwhile,by the surveillance system of chronic diseases,the data about incidence rate of diabetes,stroke and coronary heart disease in 8 cites and counties were collected.Results The energy,protein and carbohydrate could meet the requirement basically in 8 cites and counties.The energy proportion of fat supply was higher than upper limit that WHO recommended.Plant oil and salt intake were all higher than normol level.The vegetables,fruits,milk including related products and micronutrients（e.g.calcium,dietary fibre） intake were still below the recommended standard in most cites and counties.By multiple linear regression,it was found that fruit is a good factor for preventing diabetes,and excessive plant oil is the risk factor for stroke,but fruit is beneficial to avoid stroke.Conclusion Dietary factors including fruits and vegetable oil may be related to the occurance of diabetes and stroke.