野生中华鲟成鱼与幼鱼肌肉成分比较

COMPARISON OF THE MUSCLE COMPONENTS BETWEEN THE ADULT AND JUVENILE WILD CHINESE STURGEON ACIPENSER SINENSIS

目的比较野生中华鲟成鱼(成鱼)与中华鲟幼鱼(幼鱼)肌肉成分及品质的差异。方法采用国标的方法,对肌肉中各成分进行相应分析。结果野生中华鲟成鱼肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量均显著低于幼鱼(P<0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量显著高于幼鱼(P<0.05)。成鱼和幼鱼的氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为63.35、72.02,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的模式。脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量成鱼显著低于幼鱼(P<0.05),分别为8.87%、22.99%。矿物质含量丰富,其中常量元素(P和Mg)含量成鱼显著高于幼鱼(P<0.05)。结论成鱼和幼鱼的肌肉中均含有较丰富的氨基酸和脂肪酸,但两者间比较幼鱼的肌肉成分优于中华鲟成鱼。

Objective To compare the difference of muscle components and quality between the adult and juvenile wild Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis.Method By using the national standard method,the muscle components of the Chinese sturgeon were analyzed.Results The moisture and crude ash contents in the muscle of the adults were significantly lower than those of the juveniles（P0.05）,while crude protein and crude fat were significantly higher than those of the juveniles（P0.05）.The amino acid compositions of the adults and juveniles were similar and they contained eighteen amino acids.The essential amino acid index（EAAI） was 63.35 and 72.02 respectively and the constitutional ratio of EAA met the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）/ Word Health Organization（WHO） standard.The amount of EPA＋DHA,ω3PUFA and ω6PUFA in the muscle of adults was significantly lower than those of the juveniles（P0.05）.In dry samples,the minerals such as P and Mg in the muscle of adults were much richer than those of the juveniles.Conclusion The muscle of both the adult and juvenile Acipenser sinensis contains rich amino acid and fatty acid compositions,but the juveniles are better.