非物质文化遗产传承权制度初探

Study on Inheritance Rights System of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

我国在非物质文化遗产保护方面做了很多卓有成效的工作,但是非物质文化遗产保护的现状仍然是不容乐观的,当前面临的瓶颈问题就是传承权的缺失。非物质文化遗产传承人拥有的传承权,是指传承人有权利将自己所掌握的知识和技能传承给自己选择的传承人,它是一种新型的私权,同时也是传承人的义务。传承权的基本要素包括:传承权的主体是传承人;传承权的客体是民俗类非物质文化遗产以外的全部非物质文化遗产;传承权的内容包括下一代传承人选择权、传承方式选择权和惩戒权。传承权的实施主要强调国家保障传承权实施的义务,以及传承权与相关权利的协调运行。

In the intangible cultural heritage protection,China has done a lot of fruitful work,but the status of intangible cultural heritage protection is still not optimistic.The current bottleneck problem is the lack of inheritance rights. Inheritance rights of intangible cultural heritage is a kind of rights which inheritance people have the right to pass his knowledge and skills to the inherited people of their choice.It is not only a new type of private rights,but also transmission obligations.Basic elements of the inheritance right include that the subject of inheritance rights is inheritance persons,that the object of inheritance rights is all intangible cultural heritage outside the folk cultural heritage,that the content of inheritance rights include the option right of next generation inheritance persons,the option right of succession method and the disciplinary power.Implementation of inheritance rights is the main nation obligation to protect inheritance rights,as well as the coordination between inheritance rights and related rights.