资本充足率监管对银行信贷扩张的影响

The Impacts of the Regulation of Capital Adequacy Ratio on Bank’s Credit Expansion

本文利用中国12家银行2000～2008年的面板数据，就资本充足率监管对信贷扩张的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明：（1）2004年出台的《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》促使资本充足率监管由“软约束”向“硬约束”转变；（2）4家大型商业银行受到的影响小于8家股份制商业银行；（3）目前中国银行业并不存在“银行资本渠道”，8家股份制商业银行也不存在“资产负债表渠道”和“银行信贷渠道”，但会通过“资产负债表渠道”和“银行信贷渠道”对4家大型商业银行的信贷扩张造成影响。不良贷款率的降低有利于缓解银行的资本金压力，促进信贷扩张。

This paper adopts Chinese 12 commercial banks＇ panel data from 2000 to 2008 to empirically analyze the impacts of the regulation of capital adequacy ratio on credit expansion. The results shows that： （1） ＂The Management Method of Commercial Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio＂ , introduced in 2004, promotes the regulation of capital adequacy ratio to change from ＂soft constraints＂ to ＂hard constraint＂; （2） four large commercial banks are affected less than eight joint-stock commercial banks; （3） at present, there is no ＂bank capital channel＂ in Chinese banking sector, and no ＂bal- ance sheet channel＂ and ＂bank credit channel＂ in eight joint-stock commercial banks. But through ＂balance sheet channel＂ and ＂bank credit channel＂, the credit expansions of four large commercial banks are impacted. The lowering of the rate of non-performing loans will help bank to alleviate capital pressure and promote credit expansion.