积极语篇分析:和谐的态度韵律研究——以汉语导游讲解词为例

Positive Discourse Analysis:Harmonious Attitudinal Prosody——A Study of Chinese Tour Guide Commentary

文章从语篇分析的新视角——积极语篇分析入手,以评价理论为框架,试图探寻在导游讲解词中,导游是如何缩短自身以及景点与游客之间的距离,从而达到宣传景点、传播文化的交际目的的。作为一个较新视角的积极语篇分析并没有固定的分析方法和模式,本文融合了语类理论、评价理论和态度韵律理论构建了态度韵律研究的分析模式,并将它运用到导游讲解词的分析中。通过研究本文发现导游讲解词作为一种机构语言确是语类的一种,是分阶段的具有目标朝向性的社会过程,并有其独特的语类结构。主要包括五个阶段:欢迎词、整体介绍、具体讲解、评价和欢送词。态度韵律是一个具有层级性的结构,存在于语篇之中,具有普遍共性,导游讲解篇词中的态度韵律有其特性。态度韵律的运作有着内在机制,态度韵律可分为发散韵、波浪韵和梯度韵三类,这三类结构具有动态平衡的特质,它们共同流动于语篇之中使其成为和谐统一的整体。

In this paper,we intend to explore this topic from the perspective of positive discourse analysis and to explain how the tour guide aligns tourists with tour guide commentary to publicize scenic spots and culture.Since positive discourse analysis is a newly developed approach without any fixed model,we integrate Genre Theory,Appraisal Theory and Prosody Theory as the theoretical foundations,on the basis of which an attitudinal prosody analyzing model is shaped.Our research shows that tour guide commentary is one form of the institutional language.It is a staged,goal oriented,social process with special generic structure.Its stages are：Welcome,General Introduction,Specific Commentary,Evaluation and Send-off.Attitudinal Prosodic Structure is a general hierarchical structure which has some common features.And the attitudinal prosodic movements of tour guide commentary have special features.The internal mechanism of Attitudinal Prosodic Structure is three general modes of attitudinal prosody—the modes of wave,dispersion and scalar homeostatic flowing in discourse,making it a harmonious unity.