遗嘱解释应坚持“区别说”——从“诗歌遗嘱”案谈起

The Discriminative Judgment on the Interpretation of Testament——Mentioned from the "Poetry Testament" Case

遗嘱往往需要解释,在西方关于遗嘱解释先后有"暗示说"和"区别说"两种理论,它们对待遗嘱解释的观点差别甚大,我国目前关于遗嘱解释的理论研究非常薄弱,继承法上也只字未提。而司法实务中却大量存在着对遗嘱的解释,且多持暗示说,以致狭义地解释遗嘱或否定遗嘱效力的情况颇多。鉴于此,文中以颇具典型意义的"诗歌遗嘱"案为例进行考察,通过分析,认为凡审理此类案件应坚持遗嘱解释中的"区别说"理论,以尊重遗嘱人遗愿,充分体现私法中的意思自治。

This article firstly introduces the ＂poetry testament＂ case that is the typical one concerning testament in- terpretation, the judgment that deny the validity of the poetry testament and the reasons for the judgment. A testa- ment often needs interpretation, and there are two kinds of theories about testament interpretation in the west： sug- gestion judgment and discriminative judgment, which are differed widely with each other. The article introduces the two theories and demonstrates that we shall adopt the discriminative judgment in our succession law to respect the will of testator and to safeguaxd the principle of autonomy of testament in private law. It finally evaluates and analyz- es the ＂poetry testament＂ case with the theory of discrimination to prove the rationality of the theory.