論《老子》首章及其“道”的原型

On the Prototype of Laozi’s First Chapter and Its"Tao"

“道”是老子哲学的核心概念，其思想素材来源于上古时代的生命发生观。这种观念认为：人类的个体生命始于妇孕三月之时，亦即胚胎初分阴阳之时。在此之前的受精卵是作为元气存在的；到婴儿自母腹降生，生命便进入“有名”的形态。老子据此建立了“道”、“始”、“母”等概念，进而提出了他的宇宙生成图式、伦理学图式和宇宙演化图式。这些图式是上古时代公共知识和仪式行为的产物，须在人类学视野中加以考察。

'Tao'道 is the key notion of Laozi's philosophy,and its ideological material comes from the original concept of life in remote ages. It holds that the individual human life begins at the third month of women's pregnancy,that is,the early embryo begins at the time of Yin and Yang. Prior to that,the fertilized egg exists as strength. When babies are born from his mother's womb,life leaves its original form and enters the form of 'name'有名. In accordance with this concept,Laozi took the original fertilized egg and the two births as the prototypes and established the concepts of 'Tao','start'始 and 'mother'母. He raised a certain number of three steps when he constructed the philosophical system: One was the development scheme of the universe which consisted of 'Tao','Heaven and Earth'天地'things'萬物; the second was the ethical scheme which consisted of 'Tao'and 'morality'德,man-made things such as 'benevolence'仁,'justice'義 and'propriety'禮; the third was the evolution scheme of the universe which was known as 'Tao makes one,one makes second, second makes three and three makes things'. These Schemes were the natural product of the public knowledge and behavior ceremony in remote ages. It inspired us that to learn more about the nature and structure of Laozi's philosophy and to find out the cause of Laozo's rejection of 'name'名,we should deeply understand the prototype of Laozi's first chapter and its 'Tao' in the anthropology field.