先秦旌旆考

The Study of Jing and Pei in Pre-Qin

《周礼》所记“九旗”之一的旌，常被认为是先秦旗帜的一种通制，而不是旗；旆则本是旗帜的一个组成部分，却又常被当作是一种旗。本文通过对传世文献及新出简帛上所记旌旆材料的分析，对比出土文物上所绘的旌旆图像，认为旌确是先秦时被广泛应用的一种旗帜，而旆作为一种旗的附件，由于功能特殊，且与旌的关系密切，可用来指代军旗，因此才和旌产生了混淆。

'Jing'旌,one kind of the'nine flags'in the Rites of Zhou,is often regarded as the general term of banners,while 'pei'旆,one accessory of the banner,was usually mistaken for a kind of flag. This article,through the analysis of the literature and new bamboo-silk manuscripts,and the contrast of the images of 'jing'and 'pei'on the unearthed relics,indicated that 'jing'was definitely a widely used banner in the pre-Qin,and that'pei'is originally a kind of flag accessories,but is often referred to the army flag for its peculiar function and close relation with the flag, thus resulting in the confusion.