历史现实主义的理论与实践——孙皓晖《大秦帝国》艺术特征论析

The Theory and Practice of Historical Realism: On Sun Haohui's The Great Qin Empire

历史现实主义是作家孙皓晖结合中国文学实践提出的一种不同于西方新历史主义的创作理论。它以世界文明史的视角,将历史主义与现实主义有机结合起来。长篇历史小说巨著《大秦帝国》正是作者遵循历史现实主义理论进行创作实践的成功之作,其主要艺术特征表现在:对中国"史传""诗骚"传统的继承与超越;细节的真实与可读性;夸张、怪诞与狂欢化诗学原则的借鉴;反讽的运用与历史现实主义的开放性和未完成性。

The Great Qin Empire is the longest and most comprehensive historical novel that describes the rise and perish of the Qin Dynasty.Different from Western new historicism,the literary creative theory of ＂historical realism＂ was first brought forth by Sun Haohui,a Chinese writer,in the combination with Chinese literary practice.It integrates historicism and realism with the view of world civilization history.Combining the literary creative practice of The Qin Empire,the present essay theoretically focuses on the following four key artistic characteristics of historical realism： 1.the inheriting and surmounting the tradition of the ＂Chinese historical writings＂（shizhuan）,and ＂Chinese lyric poetry and elegiac poetry of the South（shi-sao）;2.the authenticity and readability of its details,3.the use for reference of the poetic principles of exaggeration,grotesquery and carnival;and 4.the application of irony,and the openness and incompleteness of historical realism.