寒地黑土区基本农田建设模式探讨——以海伦市基本农田示范区为例

A CASE STUDY ON BASIC FARMLAND DEMONSTRATION AREA IN HAILUN CITY:CONSTRUCTION MODELS OF BASIC BLACK FARMLANDS IN COLD ZONE

基本农田建设是增加有效耕地面积,提高土地质量,实现农业发展的重要举措。寒地黑土区是我国的粮食主产区和重要商品粮基地,该区域土壤肥沃,土地生产潜力巨大,但寒地、冻土等特殊自然条件的限制,以及不合理的土地利用方式使该区在农业发展上表现出一定的不可持续性,影响黑土资源的可持续利用和国家粮食安全,需要通过基本农田建设,提高土地质量,实现区域土地资源的科学合理利用和社会经济的可持续发展。以海伦市国家基本农田保护示范区为例,探讨了基本农田建设的有效模式,把示范区建设和当地一般土地整理项目进行对比,结合区域特点,提出防治冻害、控制返浆、保育黑土等寒地黑土区基本农田土地整理项目工程建设的技术方案和关键技术调控措施,以为该区域的基本农田建设提供借鉴。

Basic farmland construction is a significant approach to increase the effective area of cultivated land,to improve the land quality,and to ensure an agricultural development.The black farmland in cold zone,as China＇s major grain-producing area and an important commodity grain base,has a fertile soil and huge potential land productivity.However,the constraints from some natural conditions such as extreme coldness and permafrost,besides some unreasonable land use,harm the sustainable development of agriculture,largely related to sustainable use of black farmland and national crop security,which shall be aimed through basic farmland construction.This paper,based on a case study on basic farmland demonstration area in Hailun city,discusses the effective approaches of basic farmland construction,compares the demonstration area with general land consolidation projects,presents some technical methods including black soil conservation,anti-freezing injury,mudding controlling to provide references for basic farmland construction in this area.