急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除手术治疗急性胆囊炎

Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎(AC)的效果及并发症的预防。方法回顾性分析2004年7月—2009年7月1 278例急性胆囊炎行LC的临床资料。其中急性单纯性胆囊炎471例,急性化脓性胆囊炎720例,坏疽性胆囊炎87例。合并胆囊颈部结石嵌顿823例,胆囊管结石嵌顿157例。发病至手术时间48 h内96例,48～72 h 799例,>72 h 383例。结果手术时间20～90 min,平均40 min;术中出血20～300 mL,平均80 mL。术后早期出现发热(38.0～39.5℃)375例;一过性黄疸108例;胆瘘17例。无中转手术、胆管损伤和手术死亡者。结论急性胆囊炎行LC手术难度大,出现并发症的几率高,但熟练的操作技术、丰富的手术经验完全可避免严重并发症的发生。急性胆囊炎不是LC的禁忌证。

Objective To explore the curative effect and prevention of complications of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy（LC） for acute cholecystitis.Methods The clinical data of 1 278 patients with acute cholecystitis who were treated with emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy from July 2004 to July 2010 in our haspital were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Among these patients,471 cases had mild acute cholecystitis,720 cases had acute suppurative cholecystitis and 87 cases had acute gangrenous cholecystitis.The impaction of stones in the neck of gallbladder was present in 823 cases.The impaction of stones in the cystic duct was present in 157 cases.In 96 cases emergency operation was performed within 48 hours after the synptoms occurred,in 799 cases operation was performed from 48 to 72 hours,and in 383 cases operation was undertaken after 72 hours.Results The mean operation time was 40min（20-90 min） and the mean blood loss was 80ml（20-300 mL）.Early postoperative fever（38.0～39.5℃） developed in 375 cases.Temporary jaundice was found in 108 cases.Bile leakage occurred in 17 cases.No LC cases were converted to open cholecystectomy.No cases were complicated with bile duct injury and there was no mortality.Conclusions Emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is difficult.The probable complication rate is quite high.Severe complications can be avoided with skillful surgical technique and rich operative experience.Acute cholecystitis is not a contraindication for emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy.