候鸟迁徙过程中“雄性早现”的六种假说及未来研究热点

Six Hypotheses of Protandry in Migratory Birds and Study Hotspots in the Future

"雄性早现" (protandry) 是指雄性相对于雌性更早进入繁殖状态或更早到达繁殖地的现象。该文针对候鸟的雄性比雌性在春季时更早到达繁殖地这一现象,介绍了雄性早现的 6 种假说,即等级优势 (rank advantage)假说、敏感性 (susceptibility) 假说、限制性 (constraint) 假说、交配机会 (mate opportunity) 假说、等待代价 (waiting cost) 假说和配偶选择 (mate choice) 假说,并通过近年来的研究证据阐述了上述假说对解释候鸟雄性早现的适用性。此外,对鸟类雄性早现未来研究中可能的热点问题做了展望。

Protandry refers the earlier arrival at breeding sites or reproductive stages of males than females.Focusing on the general phenomenon of males arriving at breeding sites earlier than females in migratory birds,we introduced six hypotheses for explaining the protandrous arrival,including rank advantage,susceptibility,constraint,mate opportunity,waiting cost,and mate choice hypothesis.We also discussed the applicability of these hypotheses to explain the protandry in migratory birds.In addition,we put forward the issues which might be important in the future research,including 1） occurrences of protandry in species of sexually homomorphism,2） effects of global warming on protandry,and 3） effects of intrasexual competition on protandry.