控制铅、镉职业接触人群献血风险的回顾性分析

Retrospective Analysis of Controlling Occupational Lead-Cadmium Exposed Donators in Blood Donation Risk

目的通过对深圳市龙岗区职业性接触铅、镉等重金属因素农民工的血铅、血镉含量的检测,及对血红蛋白淘汰人群的回顾性分析,了解风险人群的分布特点,从而在无偿献血过程中采取有针对性的控制献血风险的措施。方法选取龙岗区无偿献血者血样,采用原子吸收法检测血铅、血镉含量和采用硫酸铜法测定献血员的血红蛋白浓度,并对相关结果进行分析。结果 2002-2004年有铅、镉职业性接触人群的血铅、血镉超标率分别为4.83%和5.01%,采取控制措施后,2006-2007年有铅、镉职业性接触的献血员超标率分别为3.85%和3.50%,其血铅、血镉超标率仍高于非职业接触者。在采血前体检因血红蛋白浓度不达标而淘汰的人群中,女性、年龄30岁以下、高中以下学历、流水线工人分别占92.7%、80.4%、83.9%和58.9%,工厂企业劳务工的贫血程度较严重,并呈低龄化和低学历的分布特点。结论采供血机构在开展无偿献血中尽量减少对重金属职业接触人群的血液采集,以保证临床供血的质量和安全。

Objective Trough the retrospective investigation of the lead and cadmium and haemoglobin levels in the blood of the occupational lead-cadmium exposed workers from the country sides to eliminate the unqualified donors and control of the risk in gratuitous blood donation.Methods Longgang gratuitous blood donator samples were collected.Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method was used to test lead and cadmium content,and MCHC was tested by Bluestone Test method.Results In 2002-2004,lead-cadmium related industrial donators＇ blood-lead,blood-cadmium contents exceed the criteria were 4.83% and 5.01%,respectively.After applying the control method,in 2006-2007,those rates were droped to 3.85% and 3.5%.However,their exceeding rates were still higher than those un-occupational contact workers.Within those who failed the pre-donation blood test,female,age below 30 years old,under high school education,and assembly line workers weighted 92.7%,80.4%,83.9% and 58.9%,respectively.Farmer workers in factories and enterprises suffered more serious anemia.Most of them were young but with low education level.Conclusion In order to maintain the quality and safety of the service blood supply,the blood collecting and supplying agencies need to minimize the collection of blood from people occupationally exposed to heavy metal during gratuitous blood donation.