农村已婚育龄妇女避孕选择及影响因素分析

Current contraceptive use and associated determinants among married women in rural China

目的:分析农村已婚育龄妇女避孕现状及避孕选择影响因素。方法:在全国按省、县、乡、村分层整群抽样,调查发8个省20～50岁育龄群众的家庭和个人情况。结果:农村已婚育龄妇女避孕率为87.1%,已育者避孕率90.7%,未育者避孕率15.1%。可逆性方法如宫内节育器(IUD)、避孕套等占避孕方法构成的3/4以上。高龄、务农及文化水平低者绝育比例较高;低龄、非农职业及文化水平高者使用可逆避孕方法比例较高。不了解避孕方法副作用使用者占21.6%,由医生决定避孕方法比例最高(40%)。结论:年龄、工作、生育史、文化水平、避孕决定者等因素影响农村育龄妇女的避孕选择。农村避孕服务应加强可逆性避孕方法的服务能力建设和供应品种的多样化,为不同特征和需求的对象提供个性化服务。

Objective：To investigate the prevalence of current contraceptive use and to explore the determinants that affect contraceptive choices in order to improve the quality of contraceptive care in rural China.Methods：A stratified cluster-random sampling,penetrated from province to village,was fulfilled using the sampling framework of the Women Information System of National Population and Family Planning Commission.All 20-50 year aged residents at the sampled villages were invited to interview with structured questionnaires,focusing on participants′ contraceptive and reproductive health knowledge and current status.Results：The prevalence of contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age was 87.1%.This figure among women who had had a live birth was 90.7%,while among those without a live birth it was 15.1%.Reversible methods,i.e.IUDs and condoms,accounted for more than 75% of all current methods.Sterilization was more popular among the older,less-educated and jobless women,while the younger,non-agricultural and higher-educated women were mostly used some reversible contraceptive methods.A total of 21.6% of the women were more likely to have poor contraceptive knowledge,40.0% of whom made contraceptive choices by service providers.Conclusion：Users′ age,job status,reproductive history,educational level and ability to make a contraceptive choice significantly affect the choices of contraceptive methods in rural China.Provision of reversible contraceptive methods,i.e.condom and daily pills,should be enhanced.Providers′ knowledge and service capacity need also to be improved so that the individualized services can be provided according to different features and needs.