论涵括(一)：一种初步探索

On Generalizations 1:A Preliminary Exploration

经验法则是司法证明中的一项基础性法则,大陆法系司法证明理论对其进行了概括论述,其理论形态具有较高的概括性、抽象性。英美国家的司法证明学者在"涵括"概念下也具体探讨了经验法则相关的内容,与大陆法系学者对经验法则的概括论述有所区别,英美学者在阐述"涵括"理论时,更注重其在证据能力和证明力评断以及具体司法推论过程中的方法论和工具作用,为我们研究经验法则的内容、作用机制提供了一个新的观察视角。

The law of general experience is such a fundamental principle that scholars ,both in countries of continental law and in countries of common law, all pay more attention on it. While the theory of the law of general experience is more general and more abstract in the former, it is more concrete or ＂context-specific＂ in the latter. Under the theme ＂Generalisation＂, some scholars analyse its impor- tant roles in deciding admissibility of evidence and valuation of weight of evidence, and take it as both a general method and a concrete tool in judicial proof. Their theory on ＂generalisation＂provides a new view of point in studying the law of jeneral experience.