生态保护目标体系下海河流域湿地需水研究——以河北省衡水湖湿地自然保护区为例

Water Demands for Wetlands in Haihe Basin Under Ecological Conservation Objectives System——A Case Study of Hengshuihu Wetland in Hebei Province

随着当前海河流域水资源短缺状况不断加剧,流域内湿地面积迅速减小,生态环境日趋恶化,科学分析湿地生态环境需水量对该流域生态的保护和恢复具有重要意义。以海河流域衡水湖湿地自然保护区为例,根据研究区现状及存在的问题建立了3层次生态保护目标体系,结合湿地分类分级计算,选取植被需水量等8项指标,分析计算了不同层次生态保护目标下衡水湖湿地生态环境需水量,在此基础上,对研究区最小、最优以及最大几个典型状态下生态环境需水量进行了分析评估。分析结果表明,目前衡水湖湿地供水仅能满足生态环境最小需水量,与湿地现况基本吻合。该研究结果可为海河流域洪水资源利用与湿地生态保护和恢复提供科学依据,研究方法可为干旱半干旱地区湿地生态环境需水量的计算提供借鉴。

The scientific analysis of wetland eco-environmental water demands is the important foundation for wetland management and protection. In the case study of Hengshuihu wetlands natural reserve in Haihe basin,we set up a 3-level ecological conservation target system according to the present situation in the study area,adopt classification and grading method,and select 8 indexes in evaluating and grading the eco-environmental water demands of Henshuihu wetlands,based on which the minimum,optimal,and maximum eco-environmental water demands are estimated,respectively. Analysis indicates that the Hengshuihu wetland water supply can merely guarantee the minimum level which confirms to the actual situation of Haihe basin basically. The result provides a scientific basis and support for water resource allocation and dispatch in Haihe basin,while the research method can be used as a reference for the computation of wetland eco-environment water demands in arid zone.