顺昌特色“普通话”中平翘舌字语音研究

Study on the phonetics of the level-tongue sounds and retroflex in Shunchang"Mandarin"

分析福建顺昌人平翘舌声母使用现状,可发现顺昌方言由于受中古音系的直接影响,对应普通话翘舌音字的读音有一定的特性,没有翘舌音zh、ch、sh,没有r声母等。一旦离开顺昌这个方言环境,语言交际功能大打折扣。文章从顺昌方言特点及古今音演变规律着手,就顺昌方言中对普通话平翘舌音常用汉字的读音及规律加以调查和初步探讨,认为只要顺昌人说普通话时,能区分舌尖前音和舌叶音,把方言中读舌叶音汉字全部转换成翘舌音,就可以说出一口较为标准的普通话。

The actuality of the level-tongue sounds and retroflex in Shunchang＂Mandarin＂is analysed.Shunchang dialect of Fujian province is distinct in the pronunciation of retroflex words due to the influence of mediaeval phonetic system.No retroflex ＂zh、ch、sh＂or ＂r＂exists in the dialect.Outside the dialect environment,the language communicative function is weakened.The characteristics and the phonetic evolution of Shunchang dialect are examined.The pronunciation of some commonly-used Chinese characters in the dialect is explored.It is indicated that Shunchang people can speak better Mandarin by distinguishing the tongue-tip sounds from the mid-tongue sounds and changing the mid-tongue sounds into the retroflex.