我国宪法上的司法制度省思

Pondering over Judicial System in China’s Constitution

司法制度的核心是司法权问题。在人类宪政法治史上,司法权经历由不独立到独立、由政治上不存在到政治上存在的嬗变,最终使政治性司法权担当起守护宪法的职责。与域外规范宪法相比,我国宪法上的司法制度有两个明显特色,即法院无权解释宪法、检察权构成司法权的组成部分。同时,对于司法独立之核心——法官独立及法官身份保障,我国宪法均未做任何规定。近年来进行的司法改革,有淡化这种特色并补救此种宪法缺漏的功效,值得肯定和继续。

The core of the judicial system lies in the judicial power. In the history of the constitution law, the judicial power has undergone great changes. From independence to dependence; and from non-existence to a place in political field, eventually, the political judicial power bears the responsibilities in preserving the constitution. Compared with the constitutions in the other countries, ours has two distinctive characteristics： first, the court can＇t clarify the composition of the judicial power and furthermore, there is no provision in our constitution system for the independence of the law. That is to say for the independence and guarantee of judges＇ identity. In recent years, the reform of the judicial system can weak the traits and make up the flaws in our constitution. It deserves to be affirmed and continued.