港口集疏运系统的通道能力和拥挤收费策略

Strategy of corridor capacity and congestion charging in port collecting and distributing system

运输供应链的整体效率由最脆弱的连接或节点所决定,通过综合考虑通道能力投资和拥挤收费两种方案,分析其对临港和腹地两大区域运输量和福利的影响。研究表明:腹地通道能力固定,当从非拥挤收费转向拥挤收费时,腹地区域的社会福利将增加,客运量将减少,而临港货运量变化则不确定;拥挤收费固定,通道能力扩张将增加腹地客运量和临港货运量;通道能力和拥挤收费都可变时,通道能力变化对于拥挤收费有双重影响,需要建立一个跨区域实体以协调港口集疏运系统中的通道能力投资和拥挤收费决策。

The overall efficiency of the transport supply chain is determined by the most vulnerable link or node.Considering the two resolving ways of corridor capability investment and congestion charging,the paper analyzed their impact on the port and hinterland traffics and welfare.The research shows that for a given road capacity,when the hinterland moves from a no congestion charging to congestion charging of road,the welfare of hinterland will increase and the passenger traffic will fall,while the traffic going through port is not to be determined.Otherwise,if congestion charge is fixed,an increase in road capacity would stimulate the passenger traffic of hinterland and the traffic going through port.When road capacity and congestion charge both are variable,the change of road capacity has a dual effect on congestion charge,so there is a need for a cross-region body to coordinate decisions concerning corridor capacity investment and congestion charging in port collecting and distributing system.