中国原产石蒜属植物的数量分类和主成分分析

Numerical Taxonomy and Principal Component Analysis of Lycoris from China

应用数量分类学方法对中国原产石蒜属13种2变种的35个性状进行Q、R聚类分析和主成分分析,探讨国产石蒜属植物种间的亲缘关系,并对分类性状进行评价。研究结果显示,Q型聚类可分为2个大类和8小类,安徽石蒜与长筒石蒜的亲缘关系很近,认为将其作为长筒石蒜的变种更为合适,同时支持玫瑰石蒜、红蓝石蒜、乳白石蒜、江苏石蒜、稻草石蒜的杂交起源观点。R型聚类可分为7个组;经主成分分析,35个性状可综合为5个主成分,其累积贡献率达82.55%,根据这5个主成分与性状间的相关性,选出影响比较大的16个性状,其中鳞茎形状、花被片宽和雄蕊长/花被片长的比值最为重要,可作为大类群划分的依据,而花被片是否具条纹、花丝颜色、花色、花葶粗、幼叶尖端及边缘颜色、种子有无等可作为物种划分的重要依据。

Based on the field observation and the data collected from references, cluster analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） for 35 characters of 13 species and 2 varieties of Lycoris from China were conducted. The results showed that 13 species and 2 varieties of Lycoris were classified into 8 subgroups and 2 groups based on Q cluster analysis, which basically agreed with the traditional taxonomic studies, and the hybrid origin viewpoint of L. albiflora, L. houdyshelii, L. straminea, L. rosea and L. haywardii was also supported. While L. anhuiensis as an independent species was not supported, it should be recognized as a variety of L. longituba due to their very close relationships. 35 characters were divided into 7 groups according to R cluster analysis. The principal component analysis showed that 35 characters were intergrated into 5 principal components （PC） and their additive contributing rate amounted to 82.55%. 16 major discriminating characters were selected according to the relativity between 5 PC and characters. Among them, the characters of bulb shape, lobe width, and the ratio of stamen length： lobes length may be used for division major group of Lycoris, and the lobes with stripes or not, filament color, perianth color, flowering stem diameter, apex and margin color of young leaves, and seeds or not may be the foundation of divided species.