生态学的几个基本问题

Ecology Definition, Ecological Policy and Tool

修改生态学定义为研究自然界客观存在的科学．自然界是指地球表面生物及其组合与环境的统一体，客观存在是指二者协调合理的历史过程和现状．讨论了环境因子与自然周期的关系，论述了生态政策与生态工具，提出了土地管理“适地适用”的生态政策．简述了生态系统服务．

The paper modified and defined ecology is the study of objective existence (reality) of nature. Objective existence means historical process and present status in which they coexist and develop coordinately. Nature means union of biological organism (including its combination) and its environments. Ecological policy is ecological governing principles used as guide to manage land and ecosystem. Ecological tool is tool from nature used for nature management. Many disturbance factors have attribute of ecological tool.