工程中的伦理问题及工程师的责任

Ethical issues in engineering and responsibility of engineer

工程中的伦理问题在工程活动的过程中表现为设计的伦理问题、实施的伦理问题和导致人工物(如工厂、民用工程建筑物及基础设施)和环境之间的关系问题。设计是工程的起始阶段并且是工程过程特性的重要体现。工程设计既限制又使得人类的活动被介入到世界和自然过程创造人工物的实施阶段。工程的结果拓展了人类的能力并调节了人类行动的许多方面。因此,工程被解释为引发在物理世界和人们活动世界中的具有因果关联和象征性属性的人工现实。工程人工物或者基础设施形塑社会和自然环境,它们因此也能够被评估。工程师的责任有设计责任、关照工程成果的责任及维护社会和自然环境的责任三种类型。

The ethical issues in engineering show as the ethical issues of design,the ethical issues of implementation and the relation issues between the resulting artificial objects（plants,civil engineering objects,infrastructures） and the environment.Design is the starting point of the engineering process and an important embodiment of the characteristics of the engineering process.Engineering design both restricts and is enough to make human′s actions insert into the implementation to create artificial objects of world and nature process.The results of engineering extend human′s competence and regulate many aspects of human′s actions.Therefore,engineering should be construed as artificial realities with causal and symbolic property in the physical world and in the world of human action.Engineering artifacts and infrastructure shape society and the natural environment and therefore they should be evaluated.The responsibility of engineer includes three types：the design responsibility;the responsibility to care for engineering products;the responsibility to maintain social and natural environment.