HIV-1急性感染期的免疫应答特征

The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection

HIV-1感染早期的生物学特征及免疫学应答可能是决定艾滋病病程的一个重要因素。近来有研究发现初始有效的免疫应答可驱动病毒逃逸突变的产生，这使得人们对抵御病毒传播的早期免疫应答和急性期病毒血症的控制有了进一步的认识。强烈的固有免疫应答和获得性免疫应答在感染后即可发生，但对于清除病毒却为时已晚。此文讨论了近年来关于HIV-1感染早期免疫应答动力学和特征方面的研究及其对研制有效预防性疫苗的意义。

The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recently, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently, but they are too late to eliminate the infection. Recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successftd preventive HIV-1 vaccine are reviewed in this article.