军团菌分子分型方法在流行病学调查中的应用

The application of Legionella molecular typing in eidemiological investigation

军团病主要由嗜肺军团菌引起。在军团病暴发流行时，进行分离株的种型鉴定以及环境和患者样本分离株之间的关联性分析，对于追查传染源、准确诊断军团病、预防和控制军团菌感染有重要意义。由于传统的细菌培养和血清分型鉴定已不能满足流行病学调查研究的需要，分子分型技术的应用成为相关研究热点。文章对目前军团菌的几种常用分子分型技术（SBT、AFLP、PFGE、Ribotyping、脂肪酸分型）的原理、特点、分辨能力、重复性及应用情况作了综述。

Legionellosis is mainly caused by Legionella pneumophila. During the outbreak and prevalence of legionellosis, the identification of the isolate species and the analysis of Legionella strains isolated from environmental sources and samples from patients are important for tracing the source of infection, diagnosis of legionellosis accurately, controlling of Legionella infection. As the traditional bacterial culture and serotypes identification are unable to meet the needs of epidemiological investigation, the applications of molecular typing techniques have become a popular research subject. The principle, characteristics, reproducibility and practicality of five common used molecular typing techniques are briefly introduced in this article.