罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区野骆驼的栖息环境及适应特征

Inhabit Environment and Adaptive Character of Wild Camel in Wild Camel National Narure Reserve of Lop Nor in Xinjiang

野骆驼是世界上骆驼科真驼属唯存的野生种,目前全世界只分布在我国新疆和蒙古国的中蒙边境地区,在世界上仅存730-880头左右,是比大熊猫更为珍稀的野生动物,濒临灭绝。野骆驼的生存环境非常恶劣,气候十分干旱,荒漠化十分严重,蒸发量远远大于降雨量,空气非常干燥,日夜温差极大。分布区的植物也非常稀少,没有淡水,只有零星散布的又苦又咸的盐泉,大部分地区寸草不生,只有在盐泉附近长着稀稀拉拉的盐生草、沙拐枣、骆驼刺等。野骆驼能在严酷的荒漠半荒漠地区生活,对恶劣气候环境有很强的适应性,具有耐饥渴抗风暴等抵抗恶劣环境的能力,是动物界中任何一种动物无可比拟的。

Wild camel is the only wild specie in camelidae and camel genus of the world and only distributes in the regions of Xinjiang and border area between China and Mongolia.The number of wild camel only 730-880 that is more lower than panda and is more precious wild animal.The survival environment of wild camel is very wicked,including arid climate,severe desertification,larger amount evaporation than rainfall,extremely dry atmosphere,high temperature difference between day and night.There are no fresh water and only have some sporadically distributed salt fount.Therefore,there are only few plant in the area and the most of them are thehalogeton glomeratus、arborescens、alhagi pseudalhagi living near to the salt fount.Wild camel has the strong adaptive ability to wicked climate and environment,so can survive in the severely region of desert and half-desert.In conclusion,wild camel have the ability of against badly environment,such as bearing starve and thirsty and resisting wind storm,which any kind of animals in the world may not come up to it.