冬小麦种质矮孟牛第一部分同源群染色体遗传差异分析

Genetic Differences in Homoeologous Group 1 of Seven Types of Winter Wheat Aimengniu

由山东农业大学创制的矮孟牛是重要的冬小麦遗传资源。为了揭示矮孟牛种质第一部分同源群染色体的遗传差异,本研究利用分子标记和基因组原位杂交方法,对矮孟牛I型至VII型7个姊妹系的遗传差异进行了鉴定。PCR结果显示,矮孟牛II型、IV至VII型中含有1RS和1BL,不含1BS和1RL;I型和III型中含有正常的1B染色体。基因组原位杂交结果证明,在矮孟牛II型、IV型-VII型中1RS取代了1BS,而在矮孟牛I型和III型中含有正常的小麦染色体组。利用138个多态性标记分析了7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异,其中3个标记检测到矮孟牛V型的特异片段,即位于1A染色体的标记Xwmc336和Xmag1884及位于1B染色体的Xgwm124,分别源于牛朱特和矮丰3号。本研究结果揭示了矮孟牛7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异,为深入研究和利用该种质资源奠定了基础。

Aimengniu （Hereafter AMN）, cultivated by Shandong Agricultural University, is a renowned Chinese winter wheat germplasm. Knowing better its genetic component is of great value and necessity for its in-depth utilization and study. Purpose of this study is to reveal the genetic differences in detail among seven AMN-derived types. Both molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization were used to identify translocation between 1B and 1R in seven AMN-derived types. PCR results of primers specific for 1R and 1B detected the presence of both 1RS and 1BL chromatin and absence of 1BS and 1RL in AMNII and AMNIV to VII, while AMNI and AMNIII contained common 1B chromatin. Genomic in situ hybridization confirmed the replacement of chromosome arm 1BS by 1RS in AMNII and AMNIV to VII, and a typical common wheat karyotype was contained in AMNI and AMNIII. In addition, genetic differences among seven AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1 were detected by 138 polymorphic markers, and genotypic information for each and every one of seven AMN-derived types were represented. Specific segments of AMNV were detected by 3 markers, Xwmc336-Xmag1884 （1A） and Xgwm124 （1B）, originating from Neuzucht and Aifeng 3 respectively. The results above revealed that genetic differences exist among seven sister lines of germplasm AMN in homoeologous group 1, which will facilitate its further utilization and study.