短距离速滑运动员竞技状态的培养

Development of the Sprint Speed Skaters’ Competitive Condition

我国速度滑冰运动从上个世纪60年代以来已经获得60多个世界冠军，其中主要集中在500m项目上．说明我国在培养短距离速滑运动员的竞技状态上已积累了一定的成功经验；叶乔波、薛瑞红等优秀速滑运动员采用大量高强度速度、速度耐力训练取得了很好成绩，而王曼丽则是采用进行大量有氧能力训练提高体能的训练模式，也取得了很好的成绩。训练模式不同，但殊途同归。通过对王曼丽多年训练的总结，阐述短距离速滑运动员竞技状态的培养是一项系统工程，与多种因素有关，只有正确处理好这些相关因素及其相互关系，才能培养出速滑运动员良好的竞技状态。

There has been more than 60 world champions of Chinese speed skating since 1960s and most champions are in 500m item. The fact shows that a successful experience has been piled up in developing Chinese sprint speed skaters＇competitive condition. Some elite skaters such as YE Qiao bo and XUE Rui- hong got the excellent competitive results with a great lot of high strength speed and speed endurance training, others such as WANG Man li also got very good results by improving the physical power with a great deal of aerobic training. Various training means reach the same goal by different routes. By summarizing the years training of WANG Man - li, the article indicates that the development of sprint speed skaters＇ competi- tive condition is a systems engineering which relates to many factors. A well competitive condition of speed skater can be developed up only if these factors and their correlation be right dealt with.