足球运动踢球腿摆动阶段的不同时相运动特征

Moving characteristics of the ball kicking leg at different time phases of the swinging stage in soccer playing

运用生物力学手段对5名高水平足球运动员摆动腿进行研究发现:根据摆动腿环节摆动顺序与环节摆动速度相结合的方法可将其划分为用力蹬伸、主动后摆、大腿前摆、小腿前摆,脚触球5个阶段。其中,用力蹬伸阶段是不可忽视的重要阶段之一,主动后摆阶段摆动腿应在不影响前摆速度的前提下尽力后摆;大腿前摆阶段摆动腿应在大腿摆到一定幅度时进行积极制动,摆动幅度不宜过大;小腿前摆阶段摆动腿除了膝关节的积极制动外还应主动施力。

The authors studied the swinging leg of 5 high performance players by using biomechanical means,and revealed the following findings： the swinging process can be divided into 5 stages,namely,forceful stretching stage,active backward swinging stage,forward thigh swinging stage,forward leg swinging stage and ball kicking stage according to the method of combining the swinging sequence of the swinging leg with the swinging speed,in which the forceful stretching stage is one of important stages not negligible,and at the active backward swinging stage the swinging leg should swing backward as forceful as possible under the precondition that it does not affect the forward swinging speed;at the forward thigh swinging stage the swinging leg should brake actively when the thigh swings to a certain amplitude,and the swinging amplitude should not be too big;at the forward leg swinging stage the swinging leg should apply a force actively while the knee joint brakes actively.