刘向《条灾异封事》用《诗》考论——刘向《诗》学观念再探

Examination of Liu Xiang’s "Tiao Zai Yi Feng Shi" by Means of "Shi":Re-exploration on Viewpoints in Liu Xiang’s "Shi"

刘向《诗》学家法问题自宋至今聚讼纷纭,考各家论述,多有据刘向编撰之《新序》、《说苑》为依据者。然此二书多袭先秦史料,其《诗》学观不能代表刘氏本人。而史传中刘向之奏章、封事引《诗》资料,则少有专门研究者。笔者以元帝时刘向所上之《条灾异封事》引《诗》为研究对象,考察后可知:刘向用《诗》确不守家法,甚至无今古文之别;在不同场合运用相同《诗》典时,取义亦有不同,据此可知刘向"通经致用"的汉儒品格。

There are various discussions about the domestic disciplines in Liu Xiang＇ s＂Shi＂, which, on the basis of all the discussions,is based on two books ： ＂Xin Xu＂and ＂Shuo Yuan＂. Most of the two books are said to be copied from historical documents in Pre-qin Dynasty, so the viewpoints on ＂Shi＂do not completely belong to Liu Xiang＇s. Besides, there is little statement about Liu Xiang＇s resorting to ＂Shi＂ in his memorial to the throne and sealed memorial to the throne. By an examination of Liu Xiang＇s ＂Tiao Zai Yi Feng Shi＂ to Emperor Yuan by means of ＂Shi＂, it is concluded that Liu Xiang is unique in applying ＂Shi＂, that is, Liu Xiang adopts different meanings while applying ＂Shi＂ in different occasions, and therefore, it is known that Liu Xiang is a Confucian scholar to ＂put theory well into practice＂.