基于小分子的汞离子荧光探针

Fluorescent Probes for Mercury Ion Based on Small Molecules

汞离子(Hg2+)作为一种极具生理毒性的化学物质,其检测方法在传感领域得到了广泛的研究。荧光探针由于具有高效灵敏、快速便捷检测等优点而成为Hg2+检测的重要手段之一。通过Hg2+与探针特征的结合位点作用,引起其光物理性质的变化,从而实现对Hg2+的高选择性识别。本文综述了近年来小分子Hg2+荧光探针的研究进展。文中着重总结了Hg2+荧光探针分子的设计原理、检测机制及应用方法;评述了这些化合物的结构和检测性能之间的关系;最后展望了Hg2+荧光探针的研究和发展方向。

As one of the most toxic heavy metals, mercury ion causes severe environmental and healthy problems. Hence, its sensing methods have been widely studied. Due to their unique advantages, such as high sensitivity, low cost and fast detection, fluorescent probes have been one of the most important sensing methods for mercury ion. The mercury ion could be coordinated with specific receptors of fluorescent probes. Such complexation causes the changes of photophysical properties and realizes highly selective mercury ion detection. Herein, fluorescent probes for mercury ion based on small molecules reported in recent years have been reviewed. The design principles of probe materials, as well as their sensing mechanisms and applications are summarized. The structure-property relationships are also elucidated. Finally, the development and prospect are foreseen in the field of mercury ion probes.