夏季高温对广东沿海中华按蚊成蚊前期发育的影响

The effect of high summer temperatures on the development of Anopheles sinensis in coastal Guangdong

目的研究广东沿海地区夏季高温对当地中华按蚊生长发育的影响。方法 7月份在广东沿海地区采集饱吸血中华按蚊7只。选其中4只蚊产的卵,各均匀分为3份,分别置于室温(29～35℃)、人工控温(25±1)℃和人工高温(34～39℃)的条件下,观察其孵化、成蛹和羽化的情况。结果观察的570只蚊卵中有42只羽化成成虫,成活率为7.4%。控温组、室温组和人工高温组蚊卵孵化率分别为86.3%、65.7%和75.8%;幼虫成蛹率分别为2.5%、27.5%、12.5%;羽化率分别为100%、78.6%和88.9%;成活率分别为2.1%、11.6%和8.4%。χ2检验表明室温组和高温组蚊虫成活率明显高于控温组。结论高温对蚊虫成蚊前期发育有显著影响,可加快其发育的速度。广东沿海地区中华按蚊能适应当地的高温气候,部分按蚊在39℃时能羽化成蚊。

Objective To research the effect of higher summer temperatures on the growth of Anopheles sinensis in coastal Guangdong.Methods Seven mosquitos were collected in the southern coastal portion of Guangdong Province in July.Eggs from 4 of the mosquitos were selected and divided into 3 groups.One group of eggs was kept at room temperature（29-35 ℃）,one was kept at a controlled temperature [（25±1） ℃],and one was kept at a higher controlled temperature（34-39 ℃） to observe hatching,pupation,and eclosion.Results Of 570 mosquito eggs,42 grew into adults with an eclosion rate of 7.4%.The three groups＇ hatching rates were 86.3%,65.7%,and 75.8%,their pupation rates were 2.5%,27.5%,and 12.5%,and their eclosion rates were 2.1%,11.6%,and 8.4%.The survival rates were higher for eggs in the room temperature group and the higher controlled temperature group than those in the controlled temperature group according to a χ2 test.Conclusion A high temperature could affect the growth of the prophase of adults,facilitating their growth.The mosquitos adapted to higher summer temperatures in coastal Guangdong and some grew into adults at 39 ℃.