产品安全与产品责任保险——以美国、欧盟和日本为视角

Product Safety and Product Liability Insurance——From the Perspective of the US,the EU and Japan

本文首先介绍各国和地区产品责任法的现状以及严格责任原则对保险的影响,阐述不同类型产品事故风险需要采用的不同威慑方法和激励措施,并运用法经济学的研究方法对事故成本进行分析,指出保险在威慑和损失补偿中的作用。接下来从机构和市场在事故赔偿中所起作用的角度,通过对各国损失赔偿的模式进行比较,得出中国产品安全和损失补偿应当采用市场机制为主、政府干预为辅的结论。最后提出大力发展我国产品责任保险的对策。

The paper introduces different provisions of product liability statuses in different countries, as well as their effects on insurance; elaborates how different types of product risks require different deterrence and stimulus plans; analyses costs of accidents with the method of law and economics, and points out the function of insurance in the deterrence and compensation for accidents. With different functions of government, the market in compensation of victims, and comparison of compensation models in different countries, the paper concludes that China should follow the model of the market mechanism, and then regand government as a supplement. It proposes some measurements for stepping up product liability insurance in China.