中国铁路、隧道与地下空间发展概况

An Overview of Development of Railways,Tunnels and Underground Works in China

通过总结目前中国隧道的修建概况,说明中国是目前世界上隧道和地下工程数量最多、发展速度最快、地质及结构形式最复杂的国家;从时速250-350 km高速铁路、时速200-250 km既有线提速、高原冻土铁路、铁路重载运输4个方面的建设成就和4个技术平台的搭建阐述铁路快速、高效发展的现实;介绍中国中长期铁路网规划、国际铁路通道提议及将要实施的重大工程;扼要总结中国隧道及地下工程修建的主要技术：1）江、河、海底隧道修建技术;2）钻爆法施工技术;3）浅埋、超浅埋暗挖法施工技术;4）开敞式TBM全断面掘进机施工技术;5）盾构法施工技术;6）沉管法施工技术;7）辅助工法;8）明挖法地下深基坑围护结构施工技术;9）地铁车站施工技术;10）环境保护施工技术;11）高新技术改造、提高隧道施工质量技术。

The situation of tunnel construction in China is summarized and it is concluded that China is a country that has the largest number of tunnels and underground works in the world,a country that has the fastest speed in tunnel development in the world and a country that has tunnels with the most complicated geology and structures in the world.It is stated that China＇s railway has made great progress in the fields of 250～350 km/h high speed railway,upgrading existing railway to 200～250 km/h speed,railway in plateau frost and heavy haulage railway.The plan of China＇s railway development in medium-long term,the proposed international railways and the major works to be constructed are presented.The tunneling and underground engineering technologies in China,including 1） construction technology for tunnels crossing rivers,lakes and seas;2） drill and blast technology;3） tunnel mining technology under shallow cover;4） tunneling by tunnel boring machine（TBM）;5） tunneling by shield machine;6） immersed tunnel technology;7） assistant construction methods;8） construction technology for retaining structures of deep foundation pits;9） construction technology for Metro stations;10） environment protection technology and 11） tunnel quality improving technology,are summarized.