试论国家的技能形成体系——政治经济学视角

Interpreting National System of Skills Formation:A Political Economy Perspective

本文从政治经济学视角对国家的技能形成体系作框架要素上的理论阐释。基于工作技能本源于学校教育和工作场所学习这一事实,本文分析了国民教育系统在技能供给方面存在的逻辑局限性、业界职业技能培训的两面性(通用与专用),以及国民经济生产系统对技能的利用方式与程度。旨在阐明一个国家的技能形成体系受其国民教育系统与生产系统的共同牵制,是国家政治经济和历史文化等体制因素合力作用的结果。

This article presents a conceptual framework for understanding national system of skills formation.Based on the fact that work skills are derived from schooling and workplace learning,it demonstrates logically the limits of national education system in providing skills,the dual-facets （i.e.general versus firm-specific） of employer-provided training in the workplace,and the way and extent in which skills are used in the productive system. It aims to clarify a joint force exerted by national systems of education and production on its system of skills formation,which is ultimately shaped by multi-institutional factors including politics,economy,history and culture.