丹江口库区小麦和油菜氮合理用量研究

Studies on Rational Nitrogen Application Rates for Wheat and Canola in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

采用田间小区试验研究了丹江口库区小麦和油菜的氮合理用量。结果表明,在施用90.0kg/hm2P2O5和75.0kg/hm2K2O基础上,小麦最高产量施氮量和最佳经济施氮量分别为228.6和205.7kg/hm2;在施用90.0kg/hm2P2O5、75.0kg/hm2K2O和3.0kg/hm2持力硼基础上,油菜最高产量施氮量和最佳经济施氮量分别为254.0和215.2kg/hm2;当小麦施氮量为150.0kg/hm2时,比不施氮增产79.9%,氮产投比、农学效率和表观利用率分别为7.18、15.26kg/kg和36.3%,小麦氮吸收总量为142.7kg/hm2,养分吸收量之比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.34∶0.57;当油菜施氮量为180.0kg/hm2时,比不施氮增产62.7%,氮产投比、农学效率和表观利用率分别为4.44、4.34kg/kg和21.9%,油菜氮吸收总量为90.5kg/hm2,养分吸收量之比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.40∶0.84。

Rational nitrogen（N） fertilizer application rates for wheat and canola in Danjiangkou reservoir area were studied by field trials.Results showed that on the basis of 90.0 kg/hm^2 P2O5 and 75.0 kg/hm^2 K2O,the N fertilizer application rates on wheat for highest yield and the optimum economic yield were 228.6 kg/hm^2 and 205.7 kg/hm^2 respectively.On the basis of 90.0 kg/hm^2 P2O5,75.0 kg/hm^2 K2O and 3.0 kg/hm^2 granubor,the N fertilizer application rates on canola for highest yield and the optimum economic yield were 254.0 kg/hm^2 and 215.2 kg/hm^2 respectively.With N fertilizer application rate of 150.0 kg/hm^2,wheat yield increased by 79.9% compared with CK,and the VCR,agronomic efficiency and apparent N recovery by wheat of N fertilizer were 7.18,15.26 kg/kg and 36.3% respectively.The total N uptake by wheat plant was 142.7 kg/hm^2,and the nutrients uptake ratio by wheat was N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.34∶0.57.With N fertilizer application rate of 180.0 kg/hm^2,canola yield increased by 62.7% compared with CK,and the VCR,agronomic efficiency and apparent N recovery by canola of N fertilizer were 4.44,4.34 kg/kg and 21.9% respectively.The total N uptake by canola plant was 90.5 kg/hm^2,and the nutrients uptake ratio by canola was N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶0.40∶0.84.