苹果园3种害螨的种间效应研究

Interspecific domino effects of three major pernicious mites in apple orchard

为探明种间效应对苹果园害螨种群演替的影响,以二斑叶螨、山楂叶螨和苹果全爪螨为研究对象,苹果幼树为寄主,采用单一种群、复合种群相结合的饲养方法,在室温25℃条件下研究种群复合对3种害螨的种群动态影响。结果表明,在复合种群中各害螨的种群增长均受到显著抑制,害螨间存在种间竞争。二斑叶螨具有更快的种群增长速度、危害速度和转移速度,更强的主动转移能力,总能成为复合种群中的优势种群。明确3种害螨的种间竞争优势排序为:二斑叶螨>山楂叶螨>苹果全爪螨。

In order to study the interspecific domino effects on the population evolution of pernicious mites in apple orchard, 3 mites （Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus viennensis and Panonychus ulmi） were fed singly and mixed on young apple trees at 25 ℃ in the lab, respectively. The results showed that the population growth of every mite was restrained under the mixed rearing condition, and interspecifie competition existed among the three mites. Tetranyehus urticae had faster population increase and spread, higher harming speed, and greater initiative transfer capacity. It always became the dominant species under different mix-feeding condition. The study clarified the interspeeific competition dominance： Tetranychus urticae 〉 Tetranychus viennensis 〉 Panonychus ulmi.