桑沟湾贝藻养殖区附着生物群落季节演替研究

Seasonal succession of fouling communities in the poly-culture area of scallop Chlamys farreri and kelp Laminaria japonica in Sanggou Bay

从2007年5月～2008年4月,采用悬挂试网和直接从海区采集栉孔扇贝养殖笼样品两种方法,对桑沟湾贝藻养殖区的附着生物群落结构和季节演替规律进行了研究。结果显示,桑沟湾附着生物群落结构复杂,本实验鉴定的大型附着生物23种,玻璃海鞘、柄海鞘和紫贻贝是群落中的优势种。附着生物的生物量呈现明显的季节变化特征,试网上附着生物湿重与温度变化相关,生物量为0.003～1.21kg/m2,其中2月和8月分别具有最小和最大值。栉孔扇贝养殖笼的附着生物生物量9月为1.94kg/笼,之后随温度下降而减少,10月为0.99kg/笼,之后又有所上升,11月份为1.03kg/笼。生物量变化主要是由于优势种的演替引起的,随温度下降海鞘类逐渐消退,贻贝等成为优势种。

Composition and seasonal succession of fouling organism communities from May 2007 to April 2008 was studied in a poly-culture area of scallop Chlamys farreri and kelp Laminaria japonica in Sanggou Bay. Experimental panels were used to investigate the seasonal variation of fouling organisms. Scallop cultivation nets were also sampled from the study site. The results showed that the fouling community was a complex assemblage composed of several taxonomic groups. Among the identified twenty-three macro-fouling species,the dominant species were the ascidians Ciona intestinalis,Styela clava and mussel Mytilus gallolprovincialis. The succession of fouling organisms displayed a clear seasonal pattern. Biomass of fouling organisms on monthly panels was positively correlated with the temperature,ranging from 0.003~1.21 kg/m2,with the minimum and maximum values in February and August,respectively. Fouling organisms on seasonal panels were at the highest in summer and the lowest in winter,with 2.20 and 0.65 g/m2 wet weight,respectively. From September to November,fouling organisms on lantern nets dropped precipitously in October,followed by a slight increase in November. The variation was mainly caused by the succession of the dominant species.